• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a feeding apparatus for a harvesting machine, comprising: • opposing arms (2) hinged to the frame (1) with actuators (6) for transverse compression, • two opposing feeding rollers (4, 4.1) mounted on the arms (2) hydraulic motors (10, 11) driven by the feed rollers (4) and at least two pressure medium lines (L1, L2) driving them.
    公开号:FI20195266A1
    申请号:FI20195266
    申请日:2017-10-23
    公开日:2019-04-02
    发明作者:Lauri Ketonen
    申请人:Lauri Ketonen；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a feeding apparatus for a harvester comprising: - opposing arms hinged to a frame with actuators for transverse compression;
    In harvesters, pruning is done by pulling the tree trunk through the pruning blades that follow the trunk.
    Continuous feeders use either tracks or multi-roll feeders.
    Typical pulling power requirements are 10 kN - 30 kN. The very largest devices can generate about 50 KN of pulling power. When we still know the suitable pruning rate is ~ 4-6 m / s, the power demand may theoretically be 180 KW. The larger units have lower speeds, but still have 200 KW of power.
    With the coefficient of friction between the feed roller and the wood varying het20 in increments, it is impossible to use high power without guaranteeing an accurate distribution of the pulling power of the rolls. The momentary gliding of the roller causes bumps that impair the quality of the wood. Further, the hydraulic motor may break when overturned.
    For this reason, efforts are made to ensure that the rollers rotate simultaneously and in the same direction. A separate control valve can be used for each roll, or the rollers are hydraulically coupled to each other.
    The most common way is to use two actual feed rolls, and then add an extra feed roll. This roller is mechanically coupled with two hydraulic motors. The actual feed roller and another auxiliary roller hydraulic motor are connected in series.
    Now, the additional roll acts as a synchronizing member for the movements of the actual feed rollers.
    The problem with these is the contact of the actual feed rollers and the extra roll with the wood. On big trees, the actual feed rollers pull the trees, with the extra roll only acting as a synchronizer. On small trees, the extra roller receives the clamping force of the actual rollers. But the structure works reasonably well.
    Narrow rollers can be used and commercial hydraulic motors are better found.
    Figure 1 shows
    The figure shows the presently most common structure of a feeder.
    structure very simple. The picture is missing the frame structure and a hydraulic diagram is drawn in the same picture.
    Roller 32 is common to engines 30 and 30.1. Roller [diameter]
    20195266 prh 02 -04-20199 is about 200-300mm. The wood 5 is thus located between the feed rollers 32, 33 and 33.1. By means of the pivot points 34 and 34.1, the rollers 33 and 33.1 rotate according to the diameter of the wood.
    Consider a situation where, for example, due to snow or ice, only the feed roller 33 receives the pulling force, but its moment alone is not sufficient to move the wood 5.
    The control valve 35 is now in a straight position. The pressurized oil will not now pass through the engine 31, thereby preventing the engine 30 from receiving oil. However, the same pressure is applied to the motor 31.1 and, for example, due to the ice on the wood surface, the rollers 33.1 and 32 rotate empty. This is possible when a vacuum is created between the motors 31 and 30 due to suction. This situation is rare, but for this reason the actual forward feed movement can be made in the so-called control valve 35.
    20195266 prh 02 -04 to 2019 with cross position. Both ways are used, but always the other direction is worse.
    Also known are two harvester pairs of feed rollers or groups. In Finnish patent FI 901119 (Sampo
    Hydraulics) is used for multi-capacity motors to rotate two rollers in which a second volume of multi-capacity motor driving each roller is connected in series with a separate hydraulic motor. Another solution using a multi-capacity hydraulic motor is known from US patent application
    2005 / 0098231A1 (Alitan). EP 2944189A1 (Waratah) discloses a four-roller harvesting machine in which the hydraulic motors of the rollers can be connected in many ways in parallel and in series. A three-roller harvester with four hydraulic motors is known from WO 99/41972 (Pino15 hill).
    It is known that the construction of a feeder with a wide feed roller is advantageous for feeding wood. The wide roll allows the roll to have a generally sideways movement. The narrow roller movement path also requires a vertical movement path. In the wide 20 trees, a small tree runs at the top, a large tree at the bottom.
    Further, the curved trees move better with two opposing rollers providing upward and downward movement.
    Due to the strong bearing required by the wide roller, commercial hydraulic motors are hardly available. In addition, the motors cannot be connected in series due to internal leaks. This makes it difficult to use the opposite, wide feed rollers.
    With known solutions, operation is optimal only in a narrow power range, in one direction only, or requires considerable throttling before motors, which increases power losses.
    The rotation of the large feed roller requires a high torque, which in known solutions results in the use of a very large hydraulic motor. This increases the head weight excessively.
    A problem with the large feed roller is also the support of the adhesive surface, especially from the bark material, whereby the grip is reduced.
    The object of the invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and to create a better feed roller arrangement for the harvester. The object of the invention is achieved as claimed in claim 1. The basic premise of the invention, based on the analysis of the prior art, is that there must be two feed rolls and only two opposite feed rolls.
    When each of the feed rollers is operated by two pressure medium lines, this provides the hydraulic motor with different mechanical coupling between the hydraulic motors and thus the control of the feed of the other hydraulic motors of the feed lines by the former.
    The feeder according to the invention preferably has two broadly moving feed rollers which are substantially opposed. Preferably, parallelograms may be used to hang the rollers.
    In a preferred feeder, a wide feed roller
    20195266 prh 02 -04-20199 receives a separate shaft with bearings, whereby one or two hydraulic motors are mounted on a sub-frame which also carries the feed roller shaft. The integrated bearing of each hydraulic motor has a torque carrying capacity of 20% (generally 10-35%) of the feed roller shaft carrying torque. In addition, each of the feed rollers preferably has two hydraulic motors, which by gear or chain drive are connected to the actual feed portion of the roll.
    In a preferred embodiment, the motors of the opposing rollers are individually hydraulically coupled to each other, i.e., in series. To this end, two feed lines have been formed in which:
    20195266 prh 02 -04-20199 the hydraulic motors are in the reverse order, i.e., for example, one hydraulic motor on the right roller is first in the first line but another hydraulic motor in the same roller is in the second in the second feed line.
    The invention is particularly suitable for large machines with a feed roll diameter of 30 to 120 cm, most preferably 45 to 70 cm. The feed roll (4) often has a width of 75-150%, most preferably 85-120% of its diameter.
    In a preferred embodiment, it uses a gear ring having internal teeth which is driven by gear wheels driven by hydraulic motors. The structure is advantageous in other contexts as well (one rotary gear), but in the present invention there are two rotary gears on each feed roller.
    The simplest design is four motors of the same size as long as the gear ratio to the roller is the same. Further, adjacent motors may have different sizes as long as they are symmetrical on the other roll. The gear ratio of the driven gear to the internal gear is 1: 4.5 ± 50%, most preferably within the range of ± 15%.
    The advantage of the structure is perfect synchronization between the rollers. In addition, it is possible to fine-tune the traction, if necessary, by resizing the paired motors as long as they are equal in size. It is characterized in that, in the feeding step, so-called "offset" is fed to the other motor of both rollers. full pressure.
    The invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
    Fig. 1 shows a prior art three-roll feeder
    The figure shows a feeding device according to the invention as seen in the feeding direction of wood
    The figure shows the arrangement of figure 2 seen from the side
    20195266 prh 02 -04- 2019
    Figure 4a shows a power transmission arrangement of a feed roll with a new feed roll
    Figure 4b shows the feed roller of Figure 4a as seen from the end
    Figure 4c is an axonometric view of the feed roller of Figure 4a and 4b
    Figure 4d shows the gripping element used in the feed roller of Figure 4c
    Figure 5 illustrates the principle hydraulic diagram of the feeder.
    Figures 6a and 7a show the peripheral forces of the feed roller under normal and one-sided loading conditions
    The structure of the drawer as one embodiment is shown in Figure 2.
    The frame 1 is provided with pins 2 and 3 on pins 1.1 and 1.2. The other end of the pins 2 and 3 is secured to the roll holder 7 by pins 7.1 and 7.2. The pins and arms form a parallelogram, in particular an unidirectional one. The hydraulic cylinder 6 moves the parallelograms around pins 1.1 and 1.2, whereby the rollers 4 move substantially towards or away from each other. The synchronization bar is not shown. The feed wood 5 is pressed between the rollers 4 as the cylinder 6 moves towards each other. The diameter of the roll 4 may be 300 mm or up to 800 mm and the width 200 mm up to 600 mm. The roller 4 is mounted on the roller holder 7 on the shaft 12. The pruning blades 40 support the wood to be treated in the jaw. The feed roller path is thus linearized with a maximum linearity deviation of 1 6% of the lateral offset.
    It is quite advantageous for the parallelogram pins 1.1 and 1.2 and the rods 2 and 3 and pins 7.1 and 7.2 to be dimensioned such that the rollers 4, 4.1 are mainly at their lower edges closer to each other than at their upper ends. Only in the fully open position is it preferable to have a greater distance from the bottom than from the top. Normally, the opening at the bottom is about 1.3 times the diameter of the feed wood 5. Figure 3 shows a side view of the structure. It shows the pruning blades
    20195266 prh 02 -04- 2019
    18,18 ', normally 2 movable (18) and one fixed (18'). Minimum pruning diameter is about 50 mm, maximum max. 800mm.
    Figure 4a shows the roll 4 partially in section. At the same time, the holder 7, the shaft 12 and the hydraulic motors 10 and 10.1 and the associated bearing assemblies 10 'of the drive shafts 15.1, 16.1 are shown.
    10.1 '.
    This embodiment shows a single structure. A shaft 12 is attached to the roll holder 7. Further, through the bearings 13, the shaft 12 is secured to the roll 4. The outer surface of the roll 4 is provided with gripping means 10 to cause the roll 4 to provide a supply force. With a considerable distance between the bearings 13, about 25% (generally 20-40%) of the effective diameter of the feed roller, it easily achieves a high load-bearing capacity of the torque and thus of the compression force. It is a multiple of the torque carrying capacity of powered hydraulic motors15.
    The gripping members may be of any type related to the basic construction of the feed roller described above. A generally preferred gripping member construction is disclosed herein. The gripping members (4.8 in Fig. 4d) are not shown in this figure, but they show below the outer roller cylinder 4.1. a vulcanised rubber layer
    4.6 and prongs 4.3 and 4.2, which divide the cylindrical surface into two narrower sections. Figure 4a shows the grooves 4.7 and the holes in the studs 4.2 for the rocking shaft 4.9 for the rocking shaft 4.9. and 4.3. The ends of each shaft 4.9 are fitted into the hole at the end of the groove 4.7 in the stud ring.
    At the upper edge of the roller 4 is mounted a gear ring 14. The holder 7 is fitted with a hydraulic motor 10 and 11 with a smaller gear wheel 15 and 16, preferably with a gear ratio of 1: 3 up to 1: 7. As an internal gear, the structure of the circumference 14 'allows for a denser structure and the gears can be lubricated with grease, such as excavator swivel rings. Inside as shown
    20195266 prh 02 -04-20199 of the gear mechanism using the gear ring can of course be utilized for purposes other than those used with the hydraulic system of the present invention and used with one or more gears.
    In Figures 4b and 4c, the feed roller 4 is shown separately as a whole. The gripping members 4.8 are mounted in two separate rings. Figures 4c and 4d show the special feature of this gripping member, i.e. the tabs and their overlapping in the circumferential direction (5-15% of the size of the gripping member). Such a gripping member 4.8 has a shaped cut component, gripping pins and a rocking shaft 4.9, the end of which is fitted in the holes of the studs 4.2 and 4.3.
    In the version shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4a, the hydraulic motors are on opposite sides of the pivot. Most preferably, the two sprockets 15, 16 driving the inner gear ring 14 'are both on the same side of the gear ring (14'), extending relative to the mandrel outside the articulation arms 2 and as close to each other as the motors driving them.
    The thickness of the vulcanization is about 30 mm (generally 20 to 40 mm). When mounting, the gripping members 4.8 are pressed into the pre-compression, whereby each end flexes flexibly under load. The load causes the gripping members 4.8 to swing, whereby the tongues move relative to each other. This effectively cleans the feed roller surface.
    Fig. 5 is a hydraulic diagram of a feeder according to the invention in normal situation. Here, the hydraulic pressure is applied to the lines L1 and L2 which are connected opposite to each other, whereby the full pressure in the figure is applied to the motors 11 in the line L2 and the motor 10.1 in the line L1. Due to leakage losses, the motors in the series do not produce exactly the same torque, but the situation is symmetrical when full pressure is always applied to one of the feed roller motors.
    In the imaginary situation (Figure 6a), when the feed roller 4 is on, for example, ice or snow, only the feed roller 4.1 is able to pull.
    Further, it is thought that the point 4.1 of the reel is not enough. Now, for example, with the control valve in the straight position, the pressurized oil enters engine 10.1 but cannot pass because the roller is locked. However, the motor 10.1 generates a torque which is about double because all the pressure exerts on this motor when the motor 10 is free.
    Correspondingly, the same pressure acts on the motor 11, but when it is free, this pressure passes almost without loss over it and affects the engine.
    11.1. When the whole pressure level is affected by the motor15 in market 11.1, simple
    In the ordinary, it also creates a moment that is almost normal.
    when driving, one engine produces half its maximum torque (Figure 6b). That is, the normal torque F of one single drive roller is twice the normal torque of a single motor
    F 2 in symmetrical draft. It is possible to evaluate more precisely what is also measured on the test bench.
    When summing up the torque on the reel 4.1 in an imaginary case, it is almost four times the normal torque of one engine.
    It follows that in the invention
    20195266 prh 02 -04- 2019 In the feeder, when the second roller is free, the second feed roller holding the grip produces almost twice the torque. So, though
    Can produce rolls normally.
    one roll should be free, the other roll alone to the same attraction tree as both
    Still, it does not matter in the direction of rotation, i.e., whether the feed or reverse direction. The operation is completely symmetrical in both directions. The operation does not require strangulation in the feed line, but the operation is naturally very fluid.
    ίο
    Because the roller is on a separate shaft, the roller width can be changed without affecting the motor shafts. This makes it easy to find commercial engines.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
    1. A harvester feeder comprising: • opposing arms (2) hinged to the frame (1);
    5 with their devices (6) for transverse compression, • two opposed feed rollers (4, 4.1) mounted on the arms (2) as the only feed rollers for feeding the wood through the barb, and • the hydraulic motors (10, 11) powered by the feed rollers (4)
    10 at least two pressure medium lines (L1, L2) operating therein, characterized in that at least one feed roller (4, 4.1) is driven by two hydraulic motors (10.1, 11.1) on different pressure medium lines (L1, L2) providing mechanical coupling between the hydraulic motors L2) others
    15 control of the supply of hydraulic motors (10.1), 11.1) by means of the former.
    [2]
    Feeding apparatus for harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that each feed roller (4,
    4.1) There are two hydraulic motors (10, 11) driving it each
    20 coupled in series with a single hydraulic motor (10.1, 11.1) rotating an opposite feed roller (4.1, 4), the feeding apparatus comprising at least two parallel pressure medium members (L1, L2) each having two hydraulic motors (10, 10.1 / 11.1, 11) in series connected, but
    25 in reverse order.
    [3]
    The logging machine feeding apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that it is connected in series
    20195266 prh 02 -04-20199 hydraulic motors (10, 10.1; 11.1, 11) are of the same size and single volume.
    [4]
    The harvesting machine feeding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the feeding roller (4,
    [5]
    4.1) the width is 50-150%, most preferably 85-120% of its diameter.
    The harvesting machine feeding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the feed rollers (4,
    4.1) the trajectory is arranged to be substantially linear, maximum
    10 with a linearity deviation of 1 to 6% of the lateral displacement.
    [6]
    Feeding apparatus for harvester according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said arms (2) carrying the feed rollers (4, 4.1) are non-directional arms.
    15
    [7]
    Feeding apparatus for harvester according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the feed roller (4,
    4.1) The diameter is 30 to 120 cm, most preferably 45 to 70 cm.
    [8]
    The harvester feeder assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that each feeder roller (4, 4.1) has its own auxiliary frame (7, 12) and bearings (13) supporting the feed roller (4, 4.1) and the feed roller (4). 4, 4.1) are driven by two hydraulic motors ((10, 11 / 10.1, 11.1) mounted on the subframe (7).
    25
    [9]
    Feeding apparatus for harvesting machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the at least one feed roller (4.1) has a gear ring (14) with internal teeth which is driven by the hydraulic motors (15, 16).
    [10]
    Feeding apparatus for harvester according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the gear ratio of the driving gear (15, 16) and the internal gear (14 ') is 1: 4.5 ± 50%, most preferably in the range of ± 15%.
    5
    [11]
    Feeding apparatus for harvesting machine according to claim 9, characterized in that two gears (15, 16) driving the inner toothed ring (14 ') are both on the same side of the toothed ring (14') and located outside the said rods (2).
    10
    [12]
    Feeding apparatus for harvesting machine according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the bearing (10 ', 10.1') of at least one gear (15, 16) is integrated in a hydraulic motor (10, 10.1) driving it.
    [13]
    A wood basket according to any one of claims 1 to 12
    15 juicer feeding device, characterized in that at least one feed roller (4, 4.1) includes a rubberized elastic ring, gripping members (4.8) supported by a rocking shaft (4.9) pressed under load,
    [14]
    14. Harvesting machine, which includes
    20 ·
    20195266 prh 02 -04-20199 frame with suspension means, the frame being longitudinally articulated pruning blades with actuators for transverse pressing the pruning blades to form a prong, characterized in that it comprises a feeding device according to any one of claims 1-9.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3528614A1|2019-08-28|
    WO2018073495A1|2018-04-26|
    CN211482269U|2020-09-15|
    US20190239453A1|2019-08-08|
    PL3528614T3|2021-04-19|
    US11134623B2|2021-10-05|
    EP3528614B1|2020-10-14|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    WO1999041972A1|1998-02-23|1999-08-26|Pinomaeki Sakari|Control system for the feeding device in a harvester|
    FI104800B2|1998-02-24|2003-11-14|Ponsse Oy|Feed Roller|
    FI114081B|2002-05-03|2004-08-13|Timberjack Oy|Control connection for pruning and cutting equipment|
    US7225842B2|2003-01-16|2007-06-05|Risley Enterprises Ltd.|Feed rollers for tree handling|
    CA2550127C|2005-06-13|2009-05-12|Tigercat Industries Inc.|Tree feeding control for a tree handling device|
    FI119274B|2005-12-02|2008-09-30|John Deere Forestry Oy|Control connection for changing feed rate of feeders for pruning and cutting equipment|
    US9232701B1|2012-10-02|2016-01-12|Robin A. Peterson|Four roller tree harvester head|
    US9591810B2|2012-12-27|2017-03-14|Chad Bisballe|Harvester head assembly|
    EP2986104B1|2013-04-18|2020-04-15|Komatsu Forest AB|Feed wheel arrangement, timber working head, crane and timber working machine|
    CA2889184A1|2014-05-07|2015-11-07|Waratah Nz Limited|A timber-working device and method of operation|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FI20165800|2016-10-21|
    PCT/FI2017/050734|WO2018073495A1|2016-10-21|2017-10-23|Feeding apparatus for a tree harvester|
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